Are you in search of high-performance crushing equipment, or looking to learn about the operational principles of mining and construction crushers? This guide details all mainstream crusher types and their features. It also introduces MP premium PEV series jaw crushers, helping you select suitable machines for processing granite, basalt, iron ore and other hard rocks.
How Does a Rock Crusher Work
Mechanic force crushing remains the most widely adopted material crushing method across industrial sectors, including compression, chisel breaking, bending breaking, abrasion grinding and impact crushing. Materials break when external-induced stress exceeds their ultimate strength. The force application modes of crushing machinery are listed as follows:
Compression Crushing
Materials are sandwiched between two compression surfaces. Under applied force, materials break once compressive stress surpasses their compressive strength limit.
Chisel Breaking
Materials are placed between a flat surface and a toothed component. Squeezing force generates internal tensile stress; the material splits along the force direction when tensile stress hits the tensile strength limit.
Bending Breaking
Materials are clamped between two toothed surfaces. The applied squeezing force creates bending stress, which fractures the material once exceeding its bending strength limit.
Impact Crushing
Materials break under instantaneous impact force delivered by high-speed rotating components. This crushing mode can be realized via multiple structural designs. Since impact force acts momentarily, deformation cannot propagate through the entire ore mass. Intense localized stress forms only at the impact point and expands along internal microcracks to split the material. Accordingly, dynamic loads deliver far stronger crushing capacity than static loads.
Abrasion Grinding
Materials are held between two relatively moving working surfaces with simultaneous compression and shear force applied. Materials break when internal shear stress exceeds their shear strength limit.
In actual operation, all crushers rely on the combined effect of multiple crushing modes. Still, one or two force types dominate the crushing process, with other auxiliary crushing mechanisms functioning as supplements. Due to huge differences in physical and mechanical properties of various raw ores, crushers shall adopt force modes compatible with material mechanical properties for superior crushing performance.
Types and Working Principles of Mainstream Crushers
Jaw Crusher
Core Components: Fixed jaw plate, movable jaw plate, toothed liner, eccentric shaft, toggle plate and frame.
The movable jaw plate performs reciprocating swing. It approaches the fixed jaw plate to crush materials via combined compression, splitting and bending forces.
Two basic designs are available: simple swing jaw crusher and complex swing jaw crusher. The motor drives the eccentric shaft, which converts rotational motion into reciprocating movement of the movable jaw. Materials are crushed when the jaw closes. Once the jaw retracts, finished products discharge from the crushing chamber under gravity.
Cone Crusher
Core Components: Stationary outer cone, eccentric rotating inner cone, mantle and concave.
The inner cone operates with eccentric gyratory motion. Materials undergo compression and shear between the two cones. This equipment is widely applied for secondary and tertiary crushing of hard ores.
Hammer Crusher
Core Components: Rotor, hinged hammers and grate screen.
High-speed rotating hammers impact and crush incoming materials. Crushed materials are delivered to the bottom grate screen, and qualified products are discharged through screen openings. This machine is well suited for medium-hard and brittle materials.
Impact Crusher
Core Components: Rotor, rigid blow bars and impact plates.
Blow bars rotate at high speed to break materials by impact. Materials are then thrown onto impact plates for secondary crushing. Mutual collision between particles further refines material size, and final products exit from the machine bottom. It produces materials with ideal grain shape, and is widely used for aggregate production.
Vertical Shaft Crusher
This category includes vertical shaft hammer crusher and vertical shaft impact crusher.
It adopts similar core structures and working principles as conventional hammer and impact crushers. Two sets of rotors conduct staged crushing. Materials enter through the top hopper, and go through primary and secondary crushing successively before free discharge from the base. Its compact structure makes it ideal for medium and fine crushing operations.
Vertical Shaft Impact Sand Maker
Core Components: High-speed rotating impeller, central feeding pipe and annular liner.
Also known as vertical shaft impact crusher, it receives materials through the central feeding pipe. Materials fall to the impeller center and are accelerated along internal channels, then collide with surrounding liners for crushing. As key equipment for manufactured sand production, it also delivers reliable material shaping performance.
Roll Crusher
Core Components: A pair of counter-rotating crushing rollers.
The two rollers rotate in opposite directions, drawing materials into the roller gap for extrusion crushing. Equipped with a forced discharge structure, it maintains stable output size and effectively prevents blockage. It is commonly used for medium crushing and processing of abrasive materials.
Introduction to MP PEV Series Jaw Crusher
MP PEV series jaw crushers consist of two product lines. All models are designed for efficient crushing of various hard rocks.
- Standard General Models: PEV110, PEV125 and PEV140, applicable to large stationary crushing lines.
- Mobile Plant Models: PEV96 and PEV106, specially developed for small mobile crushing stations.
Key Advantages
Excellent Overall Performance
- This series features high output capacity, large crushing ratio and low wear loss, and can handle materials with large feed size. The uniquely designed deep V-shaped crushing chamber maximizes production efficiency, and effectively reduces the replacement cost of wear parts.
- Robust and Durable Structure
- The heavy-duty integrated movable jaw assembly is fabricated from high-quality cast steel with strong load-bearing capacity. Large pulleys and flywheels ensure stable operation and consistent power transmission. The modular weld-free frame and integrated motor mounting structure eliminate stress concentration and save installation space.
- Convenient and Safe Adjustment
- The unit is fitted with a wedge-type discharge opening adjustment system. Compared with traditional shim adjustment, it delivers simpler operation, higher safety and improved daily maintenance efficiency. Application Scope
Jaw crushers are widely utilized in mining, metallurgy, construction, highway, railway, water conservancy, chemical and other industries. They are used for primary and secondary crushing of ores and rocks with compressive strength up to 300 MPa. MP PEV series jaw crushers are the preferred solution for primary crushing in various production lines.
Should you require equipment procurement, production line planning or model selection services, please feel free to send us your inquiry. We will develop customized professional solutions based on your on-site working conditions, material characteristics and production requirements, and provide comprehensive technical support. We sincerely look forward to establishing cooperation with you.
